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Saturday, June 29, 2013

Eg. of Lesson Plan


LESSON PLAN


School                           : SMA Negeri 1 Malang
Subject                          : English
Theme                           : Water Cycle
Level/ Semester           : XII/ I
Time allotment            : 2 x 45’ (two meeting)

A. Standard Competence 
To express meanings in written functional texts and short simple essays in the form of explanation to interact with the surrounding environment.

B. Basic Competence
the students are able to make simple explanation text.

C. Indicators
1.    The students are able to construct sentences by using adverbial clause.
2.    The students are able to write an explanation text.

D. Goals
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to be able to write simple explanation with the correct sentence construction and generic structure.

1.    E. Material
2.    Grammar            :  - Conjunction that show cause/effect relationship
– Simple Present Tense
– Passive Voice

1.    The generic structure of an explanation text: 
1.    A general statement
2.    Explanation
3.    Closing
2.    Related vocabularies / technical terms
3.    An example of explanation text.
4.    F. Class Activity 
1.    Pre activity (10’) 
1.    Greeting: Good morning students! How are you today?
2.    Checking the students’ attendance
3.    Checking their readiness: Are you ready to have the English lesson?
4.    Introducing the topic: water cycle
5.    Distributing the worksheets. 
1.    Stating the goals of the lesson.
2.    Asking the students to do Task 1 as brainstorming.
3.    Main activity (75’)

1.    a. Model Paragraph
1)      Giving an example of the short explanation text.
2)      Asking the students to read and comprehend the text in Task 2.
3)      Explaining the generic structure and language features of the explanation text.
4)      Giving chances to the students to ask questions.

1.    b. Comprehension Questions and Language Based Exercises
1)      Asking the students to do Task 3 in worksheet.
2)      Reviewing about Simple present tense
3)      Asking the students to discuss and practice using simple present tense.
4)      Asking the students to do Task 4 and Task 5 in worksheet.
5)      Discussing the answer of the questions together with the students.

1.    Post activity (5’) 
1.    Summarizing the lesson
2.    Giving chances to ask questions dealing with the material
3.    Praising what the students did, for example: You’ve done well today!
4.    Giving homework: Make an outline of an explanation!(Task 6)
5.    Doing reflection, for example:
•    Is this too difficult for you?
•    Is there any idea for the next meeting?

1.    Closing the lesson: Thank you for your attention, and see you!
2.    G. Technique

Guided Writing
1.    H. Evaluation 
1.    Students’ performance in oral composition
2.    Students’ worksheet / writing
2.    I. Media 
1.    Worksheet
2.    Whiteboard
3.    Boardmarker

Task 1
1.    What makes water from seas, lakes, rivers and wet soils evaporate?
2.    What is the term for the process?
3.    Do plants also release water into the atmosphere?
4.    What is the term for the process?
5.    Where does the water vapour go?

Task 2
Read the following text.

Evaporation
Solar energy evaporates exposed water from seas, lakes, rivers, and wet soils; the majority of this evaporation takes place over the seas. Water is also released into the atmosphere by the plants through photosynthesis. During this process, known as evaporation, water vapour rises into the atmosphere.

Clouds form when air becomes saturated with water vapour. The two major types of cloud formation are stratified or layered grey cloud called stratus, and billowing white or dark grey cloud called cumulus. Nimbostratus clouds and cumulonimbus clouds are the two cloud types that are associated with rainy weather, nimbostratus clouds will bring steady rain, and cumulonimbus clouds will bring stormy weather.

Precipitation as rain or hail ensures that water return to Earth’s surface in a fresh form. Some of this rain, however, falls into the sea and is not accessible to human. When rain falls, it either washes downhill slopes or seeps underground; when snow and hail melt, this water also sink into the ground.
Rain fall also replenishes river water supplies, as does by underground water. Snow fall may consolidate into glaciers, and ice sheets which, when they melt, release their water into the ground, into the stream or into the seas.

Taken from Geographic’s Pocket World Reference, 2007

Explanation Text
The text above is an explanation text. An explanation text explains the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or sociocultural phenomena. The explanation sequence contains a sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.

Social function
To give an account of how something works or reasons for some phenomena. (how does it work? Why is it so? )

Generic structure
-         General statement
-         A sequence explanation of why or how something occurs. (5W1H)

Linguistic features of explanation

-         General and abstract noun
-         Action verbs
-         Simple present tense
-         Passive form
-         Conjunction time and cause
-         Cause and effect relationship
-         Noun phrases
-         Adverbial phrases
-         Complex sentences
-         Technical terms


Task 3
Work in groups of four. Discuss the answers to these questions.
1.    Why does the majority of evaporation take place over seas?
Answer: ……………………………………………………………………………
1.    How do clouds form?
Answer: ……………………………………………………………………………
1.    How much major types of cloud formation are there?
Answer: ……………………………………………………………………………
1.    What types of clouds are associated with rainy weather?
Answer: ……………………………………………………………………………
1.    What will bring continuous rain?
Answer: ……………………………………………………………………………
1.    What makes it certain that their water return to Earth’s surface in a fresh form?
Answer: ……………………………………………………………………………

Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense used to express about facts that happen in our environment. Beside that simple present tense used to express about daily activities.    

(+)     S + V1(s/es)+ O
( – )   S + do/does + not + V1 + O
( ? )   Do/Does + S + V1 + O ?

Example :
The rain falls down to the earth.
The rain does not fall dawn on summer.
Does the rain fall down everyday?

Task 4
Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses. Use simple present tense. Pay special attention to singular and plural and to the spelling of final -s/-es.
1.    The students (ask, often) often ask questions in class.
2.    Pablo (study, usually) _____________ at the library every evening.
3.    Olga (bite) ___________ her fingernails when she is nervous.
4.    Dona (cash) ___________ a check at the bank once a week.
5.    Sometimes I (worry) ___________ about my grades at school. Sonya (worry, not) ___________ about her grades. She (study) ___________ hard.
6.    Ms. Jones and Mr. Anderson (teach) ___________ at the local high school.
Ms. Jones (teach) ___________ math.
1.    Birds (fly) ___________ . They (have) ___________ wings.
2.    A bird (fly) ___________. It (have) ___________ wings.
3.    Jason (do, always) ___________ his homework. He (go, not) ___________ to bed until his homework is finished.
10.  Mr. Cook (say, always) his homework is finished hello to his neighbor in the morning.
11.  Rima (pay, always) ___________ attention in class. She (answer) ___________ questions. She (listen) ___________ to the teacher. She (ask) ___________ questions.
12.  Sam (enjoy) ___________ cooking. He (try, often) ___________ new recipes. He (like) ___________ to have company for dinner. He (invite) ___________ me to dinner once a month. When I arrive, I (go) ___________ to the kitchen and (watch) ___________ him cook. He usually (have) ___________ three or four pots on the stove. He (watch) ___________ the pots carefully. He (make) ___________ a big mess in the kitchen when he cooks. After dinner, he (wash) ___________ all the dishes and (clean) ___________ the kitchen. I (cook, never) ___________. It (be) ___________ too much trouble. But my friend Sam (love) ___________ to cook.

Task 5
Complete the question and answers with the words in parentheses. Use the simple present of the verbs.
A:    (you, study) _______________ a lot?
B:    I (study) _______________ at least three hours every night. My roommate (study) ____________ at least five hours. He’s very serious about his education. How about you? (you, spend) _______________ a lot of time studying?
A:    No, I don’t. I (spend) _______________ as little time as possible. I (like, not) _______________ to study.
B:    Then why (you, be) _______________ a student?
A:    My parents (want) _______________ me to go to school. I (want, not) _______________ to be here.
B:    In that case, I (think) _______________ that you should drop out of school and find a job until you decide what you want to do with your life.

Task 6
Work in groups of four. Explain how and why something can occur.

Title: ……………………………………………………
1.    General Statement
…………………………………………………………………………………
1.    Explanation
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
1.    Closing
………………………………………………………………………………………


Task 7
Make a good explanation text based on the outline above.

ANSWER KEY
Task 1
1.    Solar energy
2.    Evaporation
3.    Yes, they do
4.    Photosynthesis
5.    The atmosphere

Task 3
1.    The majority of evaporation takes place over seas because the surface of the sea gets more solar energy.
2.    Clouds form when air becomes saturated with water vapor.
3.    They are two major types.
4.    Nimbostratus clouds and cumulonimbus clouds are the two cloud types that are associated with rainy weather.
5.    Nimbostratus clouds will bring continuous rain.
6.    Precipitation as rain or hail.

Task 4
1.    often ask
2.    usually studies
3.    bites
4.    cashes
5.    am worry, is not worry, studies
6.    teach, teaches
7.    fly, have
8.    flies, has
9.    always does, does not go
10.  always says
11.  always pays, answers, listens, asks
12.  enjoys, often tries, likes, invites, go, watch, has, watches, makes, washes, cleans, never cook, is, loves

Task 5
A:    Do you a lot?
B:    I study at least three hours every night. My roommate studies at least five hours. He’s very serious about his education. How about you? Do you spend to study a lot of time studying?
B:    Then why do you become a student?
A:    My parents want me to go to school. I do not want to be here.
B:    In that case, I think that you should drop out of school and find a job until you decide what you want to do with your life.

Task 6 
Students’ activity



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